![]() ![]() The energy required when the human body is at complete physical, mental, and digestive rest. TABLE 4-1 Definitions for the Components of Total Energy Expenditure and Estimated Energy Requirements Component SOURCE: Adapted from Lam and Ravussin, 2016. NOTE: EER = estimated energy requirement. The committee’s review of the evidence from systematic reviews related to TEE in general and for specific life-stage conditions such as pregnancy and lactation are discussed at the end of this chapter.įIGURE 4-1 Components of energy expenditure and their determinants. ![]() It was not able to identify relevant, high-quality evidence for every component and therefore focused its discussion on topics for which it found sufficient relevant evidence. Part of the committee’s task was to review the components of energy expenditure. Additionally, while alternate terms are identified, not all are used in this report. In this report, some terms are used interchangeably because the committee used the original terminology used in each reviewed paper. Table 4-1 further describes these and other terms used to indicate various components of energy expenditure. These three components and their determinants are shown in Figure 4-1. Physical activity level (PAL) is the energy expenditure above and beyond the basal state and TEF. TEF is the increase in energy expenditure associated with the ingestion of food. REE, generally the largest contribution to TEE, represents the energy needed to support maintenance of normal body functioning and homeostasis. TEE includes three core components: resting metabolic rate, or resting energy expenditure (REE) the thermic effect of food (TEF), also referred to as diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and physical activity. Total energy expenditure (TEE) is the energy expended during oxidation of energy-yielding macronutrients within a 24-hour period. Factors Affecting Energy Expenditure and Requirements ![]()
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